Informational
  ?              : this help (add '+' for more detail)
  ?h [SQL]       : help on syntax of SQL commands
  ?l[+]          : list databases
  ?d [NAME]      : describe table,view,index, or sequence
  ?d{t|i|v|s}[+] : list {tables/indexes/views/sequences}
  ?dS[+]         : list system tables
  ?da            : list aggregate functions
  ?db[+]         : list tablespaces
  ?dc            : list conversions
  ?dC            : list casts
  ?dd            : show comment for object
  ?dD            : list domains
  ?df[+]         : list functions
  ?dn[+]         : list schemas
  ?do            : list operators
  ?dp            : list table, view, and sequence access privileges, same as ?z
  ?dT[+]         : list data_types
  ?du            : list roles (users), same as ?dg

Large Objects
  ?lo_import     : lo_import  <'COMMENT'>
  ?lo_export     : lo_export  
  ?lo_unlink     : lo_unlink 
  ?lo_list       : list LARGE OBJECTs, same as ?dl

Connection
  ?con[nect] DBNAME[@SERVER][:PORT] [CONNECT_NAME [USERID [PASSWORD]]]
                 : connect to new database
  ?set[connection] CONNECT_NAME
                 : change database connection
  ?dis[connect]   {CONNECT_NAME | ALL}
                 : disconnect databases
  ?encoding [ENCODING]
                 : show or set client encoding
  ?password USERNAME
                 : securely change the password for a user
Status
  ?dbc[onnection]: show database connection
  ?opt[ion]      : show current values of exec_sql_OPTIONs
  ?sta[tus]      : show STATUS after executing SQL
  ?ver[sion]     : show PostgreSQL and pgbash VERSION

Formatting
  E{+|-}         : turn on/off ECHO_QUERY sent to the backend
  L{+|-}         : turn on/off OUTER_FRAME_print
  T{+|-}         : turn on/off TOP_header_print
  B{+|-}         : turn on/off BOTTOM_count_print
  A{+|-}         : turn on/off ALIGNMENT of plain text
  X{+|-}         : turn on/off EXPANDED format
  H{+|-}         : turn on/off HTML table format
  C+  [chr]      : set CAPTION string          or DEFAULT('')
  S+  [chr]      : set SEPARATOR  (e.g. ','  ) or DEFAULT('|')
  N+  [str]      : set NULL_STRING(e.g. '*N*') or DEFAULT('')
  Z+  [str]      : set ZERO_STRING(e.g. '*0*') or DEFAULT('')

Pgbash help
  ??             : help with pgbash usage
  ??connect      : help with CONNECTION usage
  ??sql          : help with SQL usage
  ??sqlcode      : help with SQLCODE
  ??exec_sql     : help with 'exec_sql' usage

# PostgreSQL 8.4.8 on i686-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc (GCC) 4.1.2 
# CONNECT TO  pgbash:8408  AS  db84  USER  pgbash
# List of database connection (C: current database is '*')
+---+--------------+-----------+-----------------------------+-----------------+
| C | connect_name | user_name | target_name(db@server:port) | client_encoding |
+---+--------------+-----------+-----------------------------+-----------------+
| * | db84         | pgbash    | pgbash:8408                 |                 |
+---+--------------+-----------+-----------------------------+-----------------+
(1 row)

 userid | name     | zip      | address1 | tel          | email           
--------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+-----------------
     22 | xxxxx11  | 611-2222 | osaka    | 078-999-8888 | youko@xxx.co.jp 
     23 | aaaaa22  | 622-3333 | osaka    | 078-888-7777 | haru@aaa.co.jp  
     24 | bbbbb33  | 633-4444 | kobe-shi | 078-666-5555 | nobu@bbb.co.jp 
     25 | cccccc   | 644-5555 | kobe-shi | 06-1111-2222 | yumi@ccc.co.jp 
     26 | ddddd55  | 311-2222 | kobe-shi | 03-2222-3333 | miti@ddd.co.jp 
(5 rows)

+--------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
| userid | name     | zip      | address1 | tel          | email           |
+--------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
|     22 | xxxxx11  | 611-2222 | osaka    | 078-999-8888 | youko@xxx.co.jp |
|     23 | aaaaa22  | 622-3333 | osaka    | 078-888-7777 | haru@aaa.co.jp  | 
|     24 | bbbbb33  | 633-4444 | kobe-shi | 078-666-5555 | nobu@bbb.co.jp  | 
|     25 | cccccc   | 644-5555 | kobe-shi | 06-1111-2222 | yumi@ccc.co.jp  |
|     26 | ddddd55  | 311-2222 | kobe-shi | 03-2222-3333 | miti@ddd.co.jp  |
+--------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
(5 rows)

+--------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
| userid | name     | zip      | address1 | tel          | email           |
+--------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
|     22 | xxxxx11  | 611-2222 | osaka    | 078-999-8888 | youko@xxx.co.jp |
|     23 | aaaaa22  | 622-3333 | osaka    | 078-888-7777 | haru@aaa.co.jp  | 
|     24 | bbbbb33  | 633-4444 | kobe-shi | 078-666-5555 | nobu@bbb.co.jp  | 
|     25 | cccccc   | 644-5555 | kobe-shi | 06-1111-2222 | yumi@ccc.co.jp  |
|     26 | ddddd55  | 311-2222 | kobe-shi | 03-2222-3333 | miti@ddd.co.jp  |
+--------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
(5 rows)

+--------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
| userid | name     | zip      | address1 | tel          | email           |
+--------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
|     22 | xxxxx11  | 611-2222 | osaka    | 078-999-8888 | youko@xxx.co.jp |
|     23 | aaaaa22  | 622-3333 | osaka    | 078-888-7777 | haru@aaa.co.jp  | 
|     24 | bbbbb33  | 633-4444 | kobe-shi | 078-666-5555 | nobu@bbb.co.jp  | 
|     25 | cccccc   | 644-5555 | kobe-shi | 06-1111-2222 | yumi@ccc.co.jp  |
|     26 | ddddd55  | 311-2222 | kobe-shi | 03-2222-3333 | miti@ddd.co.jp  |
+--------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
(5 rows)

stat| userid | name     | zip      | address1 | tel            | email
----+--------+----------+----------+----------+----------------+-----------------
    |   1265 | kitamina | 555-1111 | Toyonaka |                | tada@xxx.ne.jp
UP  |   1265 | kitamina | 555-1111 | Toyonaka | 6666-1111,090  | tada@xxx.ne.jp
    |   1252 | hota     | 666-1111 | Nisinomi | 0797-61-1749   | mun@xxxxx.com 
UP  |   1252 | hota     | 666-1111 | Nisinomi | 0797-61-1749   | mune@xxxxx.com
....................

ABORT                     CREATE LANGUAGE           DROP VIEW
ALTER AGGREGATE           CREATE OPERATOR CLASS     END
ALTER CONVERSION          CREATE OPERATOR           EXECUTE
ALTER DATABASE            CREATE ROLE               EXPLAIN
ALTER DOMAIN              CREATE RULE               FETCH
ALTER FUNCTION            CREATE SCHEMA             GRANT
ALTER GROUP               CREATE SEQUENCE           INSERT
ALTER INDEX               CREATE TABLE              LISTEN
ALTER LANGUAGE            CREATE TABLE AS           LOAD
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS      CREATE TABLESPACE         LOCK
ALTER OPERATOR            CREATE TRIGGER            MOVE
ALTER ROLE                CREATE TYPE               NOTIFY
ALTER SCHEMA              CREATE USER               PREPARE
ALTER SEQUENCE            CREATE VIEW               PREPARE TRANSACTION
ALTER TABLE               DEALLOCATE                REINDEX
ALTER TABLESPACE          DECLARE                   RELEASE SAVEPOINT
ALTER TRIGGER             DELETE                    RESET
ALTER TYPE                DROP AGGREGATE            REVOKE
ALTER USER                DROP CAST                 ROLLBACK
ANALYZE                   DROP CONVERSION           ROLLBACK PREPARED
BEGIN                     DROP DATABASE             ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
CHECKPOINT                DROP DOMAIN               SAVEPOINT
CLOSE                     DROP FUNCTION             SELECT
CLUSTER                   DROP GROUP                SELECT INTO
COMMENT                   DROP INDEX                SET
COMMIT                    DROP LANGUAGE             SET CONSTRAINTS
COMMIT PREPARED           DROP OPERATOR CLASS       SET ROLE
COPY                      DROP OPERATOR             SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
CREATE AGGREGATE          DROP ROLE                 SET TRANSACTION
CREATE CAST               DROP RULE                 SHOW
CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER DROP SCHEMA               START TRANSACTION
CREATE CONVERSION         DROP SEQUENCE             TRUNCATE
CREATE DATABASE           DROP TABLE                UNLISTEN
CREATE DOMAIN             DROP TABLESPACE           UPDATE
CREATE FUNCTION           DROP TRIGGER              VACUUM
CREATE GROUP              DROP TYPE
CREATE INDEX              DROP USER

Command:     CREATE DATABASE
Description: create a new database
Syntax:
CREATE DATABASE name
    [ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] dbowner ]
           [ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
           [ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
           [ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ]
           [ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ]

# SQL usage:
  Type '[timespec] SQL; [pipeline][redirection][&]'
  ex)
  select * from test limit 300;
  select * from test; > /tmp/test.dat
  select * from test; >> /tmp/test.dat &
  select * from test; | more
  time  select * from test limit 300;

  select code, name into :code, :name from test;
  if [ $code = '101' ]; then
      echo "code=$code name=$name"
  fi

  begin;
  declare cur cursor for select code,name from test order by code;
  while (( $SQLCODE == $SQL_OK )); do
     fetch in cur into :code, :name;
     if (( $SQLCODE < 0 || $SQLCODE == $SQL_NOT_FOUND)); then
        break
     else
         echo "code=$code  name=$name"
     fi
  done
  end;

# SQLCODE
  ex)
  begin;
  declare cur cursor for select code,name from test order by code;
  while (( $SQLCODE == $SQL_OK )); do
     fetch in cur into :code, :name;
     if (( $SQLCODE < 0 || $SQLCODE == $SQL_NOT_FOUND)); then
        break
     else
         echo "code=$code  name=$name"
     fi
  done
  end;

-------------------------+-------------------------------------------+--------
       Value Name        |               Comment                     | Value
-------------------------+-------------------------------------------+--------
 $SQL_OK                 | normal end.                               |0
 $SQL_NOT_FOUND          | EOF(End Of File).                         |100
 $SQL_OUT_OF_MEMORY      | out of memory.                            |-12
 $SQL_SYSTEM_ERROR       | system error.                             |-200
 $SQL_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS | too many arguments in fetch_stmt.         |-201
 $SQL_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS  | too few  arguments in fetch_stmt.         |-202
 $SQL_CONNECT_ERROR      | database connection error.                |-203
 $SQL_INT_FORMAT         | int format error.                         |-204
 $SQL_UINT_FORMAT        | uint format error.                        |-205
 $SQL_FLOAT_FORMAT       | float format error.                       |-206
 $SQL_NUMERIC_FORMAT     | numeric format error.                     |-207
 $SQL_INTERVAL_FORMAT    | interval format error.                    |-208
 $SQL_DATE_FORMAT        | date format error.                        |-209
 $SQL_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT   | timestamp format error.                   |-210
 $SQL_CONVERT_BOOL       | convert bool error.                       |-211
 $SQL_EMPTY              | empty.                                    |-212
 $SQL_MISSING_INDICATOR  | missing_indicator.                        |-213
 $SQL_NO_ARRAY           | no array.                                 |-214
 $SQL_DATA_NOT_ARRAY     | data not array.                           |-215
 $SQL_ARRAY_INSERT       | array insert error.                       |-216
 $SQL_NO_CONN            | no connection.                            |-220
 $SQL_NOT_CONN           |can not connection.                        |-221
 $SQL_INVALID_STMT       | invalid statements.                       |-230
 $SQL_READONLY_SHELLVAR  | can not set read-only shell variable.     |-231
 $SQL_DB_NOT_OPEN        | database not open.                        |-232
 $SQL_CNAME_NOT_FOUND    | connect-name not found.                   |-233
 $SQL_CNAME_ALREADY_USE  | connect-name already exist.               |-234
 $SQL_INVALID_COMMAND    | invalid command.                          |-235
 $SQL_INVALID_DATA       | invalid data.                             |-236
 $SQL_UNKNOWN_DESCRIPTOR | unknown descriptor.                       |-240
 $SQL_INVALID_DESC_INDEX | invalid descriptor index.                 |-241
 $SQL_UNKNOWN_DESC_ITEM  | unknown descriptor item.                  |-242
 $SQL_VAR_NOT_NUMERIC    | variable not numeric.                     |-243
 $SQL_VAR_NOT_CHAR       | variable not charater.                    |-244
 $SQL_BAD_RESPONSE       | bad response(backend maybe died).         |-400
 $SQL_EMPTY_QUERY        | empty query (backend lost query).         |-401
 $SQL_CONNECTION_BAD     | connection bad(disconnect backend)        |-403
 $SQL_FATAL_ERROR        | query fatal error   (SQL error on backend)|-403
 $SQL_NONFATAL_ERROR     | query nonfatal error(SQL error on backend)|-404
 $SQL_NULL               | indicator is NULL.                        |-1

exec_sql: exec_sql [option] ["SQL"]

    --------------------- show infomations ---------------------
    -h item   show exec_sql OPTION or sql_ERRCODE(item: OP or ER)
    -v        show PostgreSQL and PGBASH VERSION
    -m        show CONNECTION NAMEs
    -s        show STATUS after executing SQL

    --------------------- temporary options --------------------
    -d conn   set  CONNECTION NAME
    -e        turn on  ECHO  query sent to the backend
    -q        turn on  QUIET system/sql error messages
    -H        turn on  HTML  format(-H is default in CGI    mode)
    -X        turn on  EXPANDED  format
    -L        turn on  OUTER_FRAME  of PLAIN text
    -A        turn off ALIGNMENT    of PLAIN text
    -T        turn off TOP_header   print
    -B        turn off BOTTOM_count print
    -C cap    set CAPTION of HTML/PLAIN table(e.g. -C 'TITLE')
    -S sep    set SEPARATOR of PLAIN text field (default is '|')
    -N null   set NULL_STRING(e.g. -N '*N*')
    -Z zero   set ZERO_STRINg(e.g. -Z '*0*')

    --------------------- execute function  --------------------
    -x func   execute func(e.g. lo_import, lo_export, lo_unlink)

# List of database connection (C: current database is '*')
+---+--------------+-----------+-----------------------------+-----------------+
| C | connect_name | user_name | target_name(db@server:port) | client_encoding |
+---+--------------+-----------+-----------------------------+-----------------+
| * | _DEFAULT_    | pgbash    | pgbash:5432                 |                 |
|   | pgbash       | pgbash    | pgbash@db.psn.ne.jp:8408    |                 |
+---+--------------+-----------+-----------------------------+-----------------+
(2 rows) 

# EXEC_SQL_OPTION
  Usage:
  set EXEC_SQL_OPTION DEFAULT ;   --- reset DEFAULT
  set EXEC_SQL_OPTION CGI ;       --- set CGI mode
  set <option_name>[=value] ;

  ex)
  SET OPTION_ECHO; or SET OPTION_ECHO=ON; or SET OPTION_ECHO=TRUE;
  SET OPTION_BOTTOM=OFF; or SET OPTION_BOTTOM=FALSE;
  set OPTION_SEPARATOR=',';
  set OPTION_NULLSTRING="\N";

+-------------------+-------------------------+-------+---------------
|      |      Comment            |DEFAULT| Current Value
+-------------------+-------------------------+-------+---------------
| OPTION_ECHO       | turn on/off ECHO query  | OFF   | OFF
| OPTION_QUIET      | turn on/off QUIET mode  | OFF   | OFF
| OPTION_HEADER     | turn on/off TOP_header  | ON    | ON
| OPTION_BOTTOM     | turn on/off BOTTOM_print| ON    | ON
| OPTION_ALIGNMENT  | turn on/off ALIGNMENT   | ON    | ON
| OPTION_FRAME      | turn on/off OUTER_FRAME | OFF   | OFF
| OPTION_EXPANDED   | turn on/off EXPANDED    | OFF   | OFF
| OPTION_SEPARATOR  | set SEPARATOR character | ''    | ''
| OPTION_NULLSTRING | set NULL string         | ""    | ""
| OPTION_ZEROSTRING | set ZERO string         | ""    | ""
| OPTION_CAPTION    | set CAPTION             | ""    | ""
+-------------------+-------------------------+-------+---------------

[ CGI_mode / HTML_output_mode ]
+-------------------+-------------------------+-------+---------------
|      |      Comment            |DEFAULT| Current Value
+-------------------+-------------------------+-------+---------------
| OPTION_HTML       | turn on/off HTML mode   | OFF   | OFF
| OPTION_TABLETAG   | set HTML table tag      | ""    | ""
| OPTION_HEADERTR   | set HTML header <TR>    | ""    | ""
| OPTION_HEADERTH   | set HTML header <TH>    | ""    | ""
| OPTION_BODYTAG    | set HTML body <TD> tag  | ""    | ""
| OPTION_INPUTTAG   | turn on/off INPUT tag   | OFF   | OFF
| OPTION_INPUTSIZE  | set HTML input tag SIZE | ""    | ""
+-------------------+-------------------------+-------+---------------

[ List of roles ]
 Role name | Superuser | Create role | Create DB | Connections | Member of
-----------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------
 pgbash    | no        | no          | yes       | no limit    |
 postgres  | yes       | yes         | yes       | no limit    |
(2 rows)

[ List of databases ]
 Name      | Owner    | Encoding
-----------+----------+----------
 pgbash    | pgbash   | UTF8
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8
 template0 | postgres | UTF8
 template1 | postgres | UTF8
(4 rows)

[ List of relations ]
 Schema | Name            | Type     | Owner
--------+-----------------+----------+--------
 public | member          | table    | pgbash
 public | member_log      | table    | pgbash
 public | member_log_view | view     | pgbash
 public | member_passwd   | table    | pgbash
 public | member_seq      | sequence | pgbash
 public | test            | table    | pgbash
 public | test_inherit    | table    | pgbash
 public | test_sequence   | sequence | pgbash
 public | test_table      | table    | pgbash
 public | test_table2     | table    | pgbash
 public | test_table_dept | table    | pgbash
 public | test_view       | view     | pgbash
(12 rows)

[ Table "test_table" ]
 Column   | Type                  | NotNull  | Default
----------+-----------------------+----------+--------------------------
 code     | integer               | not null |
 name     | character varying(32) |          | 'aaa'::character varying
 address  | character varying(64) |          |
 dept_id  | character(4)          |          | '001'::bpchar
 jobid    | character(3)          | not null | '999'::bpchar
 inherits | test_table2           |          |
(6 rows)

Indexes
 test_table_pkey : CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_table_pkey ON test_table...
 ix_jobid        : CREATE INDEX ix_jobid ON test_table USING btree (jobid)

Check constraints
 ch_code  : CHECK (code >= 1 AND code <= 9999)
 ch_jobid : CHECK (jobid >= 'aaaa'::bpchar AND jobid <= 'zzzz'::bpchar)

Foreign keys
 test_table_dept_id_fkey : FOREIGN KEY (dept_id) REFERENCES test_table_dept..