- ヘルプメニューの表示方法
対話型の操作環境において、？をタイプすると、次のヘルプメニューが表示されます。
pgbash> ?
Informational
? : this help (add '+' for more detail)
?h [SQL] : help on syntax of SQL commands
?l[+] : list databases
?d [NAME] : describe table,view,index, or sequence
?d{t|i|v|s}[+] : list {tables/indexes/views/sequences}
?dS[+] : list system tables
?da : list aggregate functions
?db[+] : list tablespaces
?dc : list conversions
?dC : list casts
?dd : show comment for object
?dD : list domains
?df[+] : list functions
?dn[+] : list schemas
?do : list operators
?dp : list table, view, and sequence access privileges, same as ?z
?dT[+] : list data_types
?du : list roles (users), same as ?dg
Large Objects
?lo_import : lo_import <'COMMENT'>
?lo_export : lo_export
?lo_unlink : lo_unlink
?lo_list : list LARGE OBJECTs, same as ?dl
Connection
?con[nect] DBNAME[@SERVER][:PORT] [CONNECT_NAME [USERID [PASSWORD]]]
: connect to new database
?set[connection] CONNECT_NAME
: change database connection
?dis[connect] {CONNECT_NAME | ALL}
: disconnect databases
?encoding [ENCODING]
: show or set client encoding
?password USERNAME
: securely change the password for a user
Status
?dbc[onnection]: show database connection
?opt[ion] : show current values of exec_sql_OPTIONs
?sta[tus] : show STATUS after executing SQL
?ver[sion] : show PostgreSQL and pgbash VERSION
Formatting
E{+|-} : turn on/off ECHO_QUERY sent to the backend
L{+|-} : turn on/off OUTER_FRAME_print
T{+|-} : turn on/off TOP_header_print
B{+|-} : turn on/off BOTTOM_count_print
A{+|-} : turn on/off ALIGNMENT of plain text
X{+|-} : turn on/off EXPANDED format
H{+|-} : turn on/off HTML table format
C+ [chr] : set CAPTION string or DEFAULT('')
S+ [chr] : set SEPARATOR (e.g. ',' ) or DEFAULT('|')
N+ [str] : set NULL_STRING(e.g. '*N*') or DEFAULT('')
Z+ [str] : set ZERO_STRING(e.g. '*0*') or DEFAULT('')
Pgbash help
?? : help with pgbash usage
??connect : help with CONNECTION usage
??sql : help with SQL usage
??sqlcode : help with SQLCODE
??exec_sql : help with 'exec_sql' usage
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(PostgreSQL-8.1の場合)
- SQL予約語一覧のヘルプ
対話型環境において、？ｈ をタイプすると、次のSQL予約語一覧が表示されます。
pgbash> ?h
ABORT CREATE LANGUAGE DROP VIEW
ALTER AGGREGATE CREATE OPERATOR CLASS END
ALTER CONVERSION CREATE OPERATOR EXECUTE
ALTER DATABASE CREATE ROLE EXPLAIN
ALTER DOMAIN CREATE RULE FETCH
ALTER FUNCTION CREATE SCHEMA GRANT
ALTER GROUP CREATE SEQUENCE INSERT
ALTER INDEX CREATE TABLE LISTEN
ALTER LANGUAGE CREATE TABLE AS LOAD
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS CREATE TABLESPACE LOCK
ALTER OPERATOR CREATE TRIGGER MOVE
ALTER ROLE CREATE TYPE NOTIFY
ALTER SCHEMA CREATE USER PREPARE
ALTER SEQUENCE CREATE VIEW PREPARE TRANSACTION
ALTER TABLE DEALLOCATE REINDEX
ALTER TABLESPACE DECLARE RELEASE SAVEPOINT
ALTER TRIGGER DELETE RESET
ALTER TYPE DROP AGGREGATE REVOKE
ALTER USER DROP CAST ROLLBACK
ANALYZE DROP CONVERSION ROLLBACK PREPARED
BEGIN DROP DATABASE ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
CHECKPOINT DROP DOMAIN SAVEPOINT
CLOSE DROP FUNCTION SELECT
CLUSTER DROP GROUP SELECT INTO
COMMENT DROP INDEX SET
COMMIT DROP LANGUAGE SET CONSTRAINTS
COMMIT PREPARED DROP OPERATOR CLASS SET ROLE
COPY DROP OPERATOR SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
CREATE AGGREGATE DROP ROLE SET TRANSACTION
CREATE CAST DROP RULE SHOW
CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER DROP SCHEMA START TRANSACTION
CREATE CONVERSION DROP SEQUENCE TRUNCATE
CREATE DATABASE DROP TABLE UNLISTEN
CREATE DOMAIN DROP TABLESPACE UPDATE
CREATE FUNCTION DROP TRIGGER VACUUM
CREATE GROUP DROP TYPE
CREATE INDEX DROP USER
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(PostgreSQL-8.1の場合)
- SQL文法のヘルプ
SQL文法を知りたいたおきは、「？ｈ SQL文の先頭の予約語」 をタイプします。
pgbash> ?h alter database
Command: ALTER DATABASE
Description: change a database
Syntax:
ALTER DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
ALTER DATABASE name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name RESET parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner
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- 対話型環境におけるデータベース情報の表示方法
データベース情報を知りたい場合は、次のヘルプコマンドをタイプします。
?l[+] : list databases
?d [NAME] : describe table,view,index, or sequence
?d{t|i|v|s}[+] : list {tables/indexes/views/sequences}
?dS[+] : list system tables
?da : list aggregate functions
?db[+] : list tablespaces
?dc : list conversions
?dC : list casts
?dd : show comment for object
?dD : list domains
?df[+] : list functions
?dn[+] : list schemas
?do : list operators
?dp : list table, view, and sequence access privileges, same as ?z
?dT[+] : list data_types
?du : list roles (users), same as ?dg
(表示例）
pgbash> ?du
[ List of roles ]
Role name | Superuser | Create role | Create DB | Connections | Member of
-----------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------
pgbash | no | no | yes | no limit |
postgres | yes | yes | yes | no limit |
(2 rows)
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pgbash> ?l
[ List of databases ]
Name | Owner | Encoding
-----------+----------+----------
pgbash | pgbash | UTF8
postgres | postgres | UTF8
template0 | postgres | UTF8
template1 | postgres | UTF8
(4 rows)
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pgbash> ?d
[ List of relations ]
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+-----------------+----------+--------
public | member | table | pgbash
public | member_log | table | pgbash
public | member_log_view | view | pgbash
public | member_passwd | table | pgbash
public | member_seq | sequence | pgbash
public | test | table | pgbash
public | test_inherit | table | pgbash
public | test_sequence | sequence | pgbash
public | test_table | table | pgbash
public | test_table2 | table | pgbash
public | test_table_dept | table | pgbash
public | test_view | view | pgbash
(12 rows)
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pgbash> ?d member
[ Table "test_table" ]
Column | Type | NotNull | Default
----------+-----------------------+----------+--------------------------
code | integer | not null |
name | character varying(32) | | 'aaa'::character varying
address | character varying(64) | |
dept_id | character(4) | | '001'::bpchar
jobid | character(3) | not null | '999'::bpchar
inherits | test_table2 | |
(6 rows)
Indexes
test_table_pkey : CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_table_pkey ON test_table ...
ix_jobid : CREATE INDEX ix_jobid ON test_table USING btree (jobid)
Check constraints
ch_code : CHECK (code >= 1 AND code <= 9999)
ch_jobid : CHECK (jobid >= 'aaaa'::bpchar AND jobid <= 'zzzz'::bpchar)
Foreign keys
test_table_dept_id_fkey : FOREIGN KEY (dept_id) REFERENCES test_table_...
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